Aminophylline

Aminophylline is a bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory drug used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles in the lungs, allowing them to receive the oxygen they need. Aminophylline is also used to treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness associated with asthma and other lung diseases.

Uses For

Aminophylline is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and asthma. It can also be used to reduce the risk of a heart attack during a period of physical exertion, such as running or exercising, as it helps to keep the heart rate and blood pressure under control.

Mechanism Of Action

Aminophylline works by relaxing the muscles that surround the airways in the lungs, allowing them to open and get more oxygen to the lungs. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce airway inflammation and swelling. These combined effects help to reduce symptoms of respiratory disorders such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

Aminophylline usually takes effect within 30 minutes of taking the medicine. Some people may notice an effect sooner, while others may take up to two hours to feel the benefit.

Absorption

Aminophylline is absorbed quickly in the gastrointestinal tract and reaches peak concentrations in the blood after 1 to 2 hours. The absorption is not affected by food.

Route Of Elimination

Aminophylline is eliminated mainly by the kidneys, but also by the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. About 50 to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Dosage

Oral:
Chronic bronchospasm:

Adult: As hydrate: Initially, 225-450 mg bid, increased if necessary.
Child: >3 yr: As modified-release hydrate: 12 mg/kg daily increased to 24 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses after 1 wk.

Intravenous:
Acute severe bronchospasm:

Adult: Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) by slow inj or infusion over 20-30 min. Maintenance infusion dose: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Max rate: 25 mg/min.
Child: Loading dose: same as adult dose. Maintenance dose: 6 mth-9 yr: 1 mg/kg/hr and 10-16 yr: 0.8 mg/kg/hr.
Elderly: Dose reduction may be necessary.
Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary.

The recommended dose of aminophylline varies depending on age, weight, and the severity of the condition being treated. Usually, it is given by mouth 3 to 4 times a day. The dose may be increased or decreased depending on the response of the patient.

Administration

Aminophylline should be taken orally, with a full glass of liquid. It should never be taken in larger or smaller amounts than directed by your doctor. The drug should be taken at evenly spaced intervals, such as every 6 to 8 hours.

Side Effect

Common side effects of aminophylline include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, and mild skin rash or itching. More serious side effects include: rapid heartbeat, chest pain, blindness, coma, fainting, and seizures.

Toxicity

Aminophylline is toxic in high doses, and can cause serious side effects. Overdose symptoms include irregular heartbeat, nausea, seizures, and death. It is important to take only the recommended dose and not to change the dosage without consulting your doctor.

Precaution

Aminophylline should be used with caution in patients with a history of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, or seizure disorders. It should not be used by pregnant or nursing women, as it may pass into breast milk and could potentially harm an unborn child or nursing baby.

Interaction

Aminophylline may interact with other medications, such as antibiotics, sedatives, painkillers, and antibiotics. It is important to tell your doctor if you are using any other medications before taking aminophylline.

Disease Interaction

Aminophylline may interact with certain diseases. People who have heart disease, high blood pressure, or asthma should be monitored closely while taking the medication, as it may worsen these conditions. People with diabetes should have their blood sugar levels checked regularly.

Drug Interaction

Aminophylline may interact with certain drugs, such as antibiotics, sedatives, painkillers, and antibiotics. This can cause an increase in side effects, or the drugs may not work as well. It is important to tell your doctor if you are taking any other drugs before taking aminophylline.

Food Interaction

Aminophylline may interact with certain foods, such as coffee, chocolate, and certain fruits and vegetables. These foods may increase the risk of side effects, or the medications may not work as well. It is important to talk to your doctor before eating these foods while taking aminophylline.

Pregnancy Use

Aminophylline should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It may pass into breast milk and could potentially harm an unborn child or nursing baby. If you are pregnant or lactating, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks of taking aminophylline.

Lactation Use

Aminophylline should not be used by women who are breast-feeding, as it may pass into breast milk and could potentially harm a nursing baby. If you are lactating, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks of taking aminophylline.

Acute Overdose

An overdose of aminophylline can be serious and even fatal. Symptoms of an overdose include nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, seizures, and coma. If you or someone you know has taken an overdose of aminophylline, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

Contraindication

Aminophylline is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to theophylline or to any component of the product. It should not be used in patients with severe heart failure or severe liver disease, as it can worsen these conditions.

Use Direction

Aminophylline should be taken only as directed by your doctor. Do not increase the dosage or take the medication more often than directed. Always take the medication with a full glass of liquid, and avoid taking it on an empty stomach.

Storage Condition

Aminophylline should be kept at room temperature, away from direct heat and light. Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.

Volume Of Distribution

The volume of distribution of aminophylline is about 0.7 L/kg, which means that about 70% of the drug is distributed in the body. This volume changes depending on age, body size, and kidney function.

Half Life

The half-life of aminophylline is about 2 to 3 hours in adults, and can be longer in elderly patients or patients with impaired liver or kidney function. It may take up to 8 hours for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body.

Clearance

Aminophylline is cleared from the body mainly by the kidneys, but also by the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. The clearance rate is about 0.3 mL/hour/kg, and is affected by age, body size, and kidney function.

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